Paneth cells (PCs) are specialized epithelial cells located at the base of the crypts of Lieberkühn in the small intestine and colon, that have been occasionally identified in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Their presence in these lesions has raised questions regarding their role in colorectal neoplasia and their potential association with adenoma burden. To understand their potential role in carcinogenesis, we conducted an extensive review of the available literature on PubMed, focusing on the occurrence, molecular mechanisms, and implications of Paneth cells in neoplastic lesions of the colorectum. This review synthesizes current findings and discusses the potential of Paneth cells as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer.
Background: Patients with Lyme disease often suffer from neuro-motor sequelae following Borrelia infection, leading to impairments in balance, posture, and spinal musculoskeletal functionality. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of physical therapy in addressing these impairments. Methods: Initial assessments were conducted using the GPS Posture-test System to evaluate static bipodal balance and posture, and BACKFIX Technology for unipedal balance and spinal functionality. Disturbances in balance, postural asymmetries, and a forward-shifted center of gravity were observed. The patient then underwent two 10 sessions (each during two weeks) of computer-assisted physical therapy focused on neuro-muscular movement and balance control. Results: Post-therapy evaluations showed significant improvements in both bipodal and unipedal static balance, segmental and overall body posture, and spinal musculoskeletal functionality. The therapy effectively addressed the postural asymmetries and shifted the center of gravity closer to the optimal vertical posture point. Conclusion: Computer-assisted physical therapy with visual feedback significantly improved posture, balance, and spinal functionality in patients with Lyme disease-related neuro-motor sequelae. This approach facilitated the restoration of muscle coordination and enhanced motor control, aligning with findings from the existing literature.
Gliosarcoma is a rare and aggressive variant of glioblastoma, characterized by both a malignant glial component and a mesenchymal sarcomatous component. Gliosarcomas have genetic alterations with glioblastomas, including TP53, PTEN mutations, and EGFR amplification, but may also exhibit additional changes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways. Management is similar to glioblastoma, involving safe, maximal surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide, but the prognosis remains poor, with a median survival of 6-14 months. Both Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) play crucial roles in the detection, characterization, and treatment planning of gliosarcoma. While MRI is the gold standard, CT remains valuable in certain situations. Light microscopy is essential for definitive diagnosis, allowing pathologists to examine cellular morphology and tissue architecture. It is essential for distinguishing gliosarcoma from other high- grade gliomas and for guiding treatment decisions. In addition, two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy is an advanced optical imaging technique that enables real-time, high-resolution visualization of tumor tissue without the need for staining or contrast agents and enhances visualization of collagen structure and vascularization, key factors in gliosarcoma assessment. The study of radiological and histopathological (light microscopy) features in primary gliosarcomas of the brain is a priority to achieve an early diagnosis that can be translated into better outcomes. Here, we describe the radiological and histopathological features observed in multiple cases of gliosarcoma in current practice.
The scientific and medical world is making permanent efforts to study, understand, and cure the complicated pathology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) – the disease with 100 faces, due to the diversity and complexity of the symptoms. SLE has a devastating impact on the patient’s life, causing multiple metabolic imbalances produced by both the disease itself and the necessary medication. This case report addresses the therapeutic aspects of SLE and diabetes mellitus, on a 47-year-old male with a sensitive multi-pathology and aggressive evolution, medication, and approaching psychomotor rehabilitation therapy, up to now, when SLE treatment has ended. Also, this case study report highlights the importance of flexibility in the psychomotor rehabilitation strategy, in the context of a large range of factors that influence its definition.
Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary non-polyposis cancer syndrome, represents the most common autosomal dominant genetic predisposition for the early onset development of several malignancies. Nearly three decades ago, the discovery of microsatellite instability, a distinctive feature of pathogenic variants within genes encoding mismatch repair proteins, marked a significant leap forward in understanding cancer biology and the underlying spectrum of cancers triggered by these mutations – typical of Lynch syndrome. In recent years, a new treatment paradigm, using immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as preventive measures has drastically improved the survival rates. Identifying individuals with an inherent predisposition to cancer, through diagnostic protocols followed by personalized screening and treatment algorithms, holds the potential to mitigate premature cancer-related fatalities as well as preventable mortality. It is estimated that only a limited number of patients have been diagnosed, underscoring the importance of implementing specific screening programs for early detection of malignancies to which these patients are susceptible. This article aims to underline the importance of a national protocol tailored to guide a Western-inspired practice for Lynch syndrome patient management, the main aim of the Romanian Society for Lynch Syndrome, by providing an overview of similar initiatives throughout the world.
Objective: The study subject approaches a topic of cerebral pathology, namely the development of a pathological diagnosis that is as accurate as possible for the cerebral tumors and the metastases, using a new method that complements the optical microscopic examination and immunohistochemistry to correctly diagnose cerebral malignancies. Methods: Two-photon excitation (TPE) microscopy techniques are non-linear optical imaging methods that are gaining momentum in the investigation of fixed tissue sections, fresh tissue, or even for in vivo experiments. This method can be used for offering complementary information on the tissue architecture. We argue that using non-linear optical microscopy (which includes TPE microscopy) images collected on this category of brain tissue samples, can facilitate the interpretation of brain tumors and metastases, thus it is a solution worthy to explore. Scanning large areas of the lesions is important to avoid false-negative diagnoses because lesions are often non-uniform. Finding potential invasion sites is also restricted when using a narrow field-of-view imaging method. Results: Our study demonstrated that TPE microscopy can detect specific cellular features of cerebral tumors and metastases in good correlation with histopathological results. This approach can improve the accuracy of the cerebral tumors diagnosis and possibly other neoplasms. Conclusion: TPE microscopy is very important for future research because it could prevent the false or inadequate diagnosis of specific lesions and differentiate a primary tumor from a metastasis. The significance of the findings is attributable to cross-disciplinary cooperation and the constant use of a working standard across all of the experiments in this study.
Non‑melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) comprises squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and severalrare skin tumors (i.e., Extramammary Paget’s disease), being the most common malignancy-affecting people worldwide. Itrepresents the majority of skin cancers and a significant percentage of all malignancies. Despite increasing public awarenessand scientific interest, the incidence of NMSC is constantly increasing. Even though most NMSC`s are associated with lessaggressive behavior, they can still be invasive locally and cause extensive damage to neighboring structures, inducingsignificant morbidity. In addition, different types and subtypes of NMSC tend to have frequent recurrences and may have significantmetastatic potential. As a direct consequence, NMSC has become an important issue for healthcare systems with a significantsocio‑economic impact.
