Burn injuries are among the most severe forms of trauma, often leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in burn patients. This review examines the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and management strategies associated with MODS in burn patients. Following a severe burn injury, the systemic inflammatory response and subsequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines precipitate dysfunction across various organ systems. Early recognition and aggressive management of MODS, including fluid resuscitation, infection control, and organ support, are crucial for improving survival outcomes. A comprehensive understanding of the multifactorial etiology and interrelated nature of organ dysfunction in burn patients is essential for developing targeted therapies and optimizing patient care. This review provides a current overview of the topic. In the coming years, new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms are expected to enhance our comprehension of the subject further.