Evaluation of the effects of dexamethasone in modulating breathing pattern decomplexification in rats with 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide induced lung injury

Sayed M.E. Behrouzi¹, Alireza Shahriary^{1,* ✉}, Mohammad R. Raoofi², Mostafa Ghanei¹, Hadi E.G. Ghaleh³

1 - Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Applied virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 596 in involved changing generated lung injury. After exposure of rodents to SM and CEES by intratracheal instillation or inhalation, inflammatory cells have been spotted in the higher, and lower inhaling tract [4]. Mustard sulfur causes changes in respiratory parameters and inspiratory airflow limitation [5]. However, the mechanisms respiratory parameters are not clear. Previous studies have shown therapeutic effects of anti-inflammatory agents, including corticoste roids, in SM-induced lung injury. Wigenstam and colleagues reported that anti-inflammatory steroids, such as dexamethasone reduce the inflammation of passageway for air, lymphocyte activity, and collagen deposition within an hour following the exposure by nitrogen mustard [6]. Furthermore, short-term studies using intravenous and oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in patients with chemical lung injury have revealed the potency of this compound to restore pulmonary function tests with a low incidence of adverse

Correspondence: Alireza Shahriary

DOI: https://doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2022.125.4.8

Received: May 17, 2022

Accepted: July 31, 2022

Abstract:

Background and Objectives: Sulfur mustard is a functional alkylating chemical warfare agent that gives rise to appalling lung injury. In people with pulmonary diseases, including asthma, the complication of respirational dynamics is reduced. However, the complexity of breathing patterns in lung injury caused by chemical agents is not clear. In the current study, the outcome of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), and mustard analogue, upon breathing pattern of rats without or with treatment were reviewed. Methods: The interbeat interval (IBI) and respiratory volume (RV) data have been acquired from spontaneous respiration rats with lung injury by CEES using a whole-body plethysmograph. We calculated mean and coefficient of variation, alpha exponent derived from detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), and sample entropy of IBI and RV. Finding: Entropy examination of respiratory variation displayed reduced inconsistency (less complication) in the breathing pattern of this rat model of lung injury. The mustard analogue also led to increased lung inflammation in damaged rats. However, treatment by NAC and dexamethasone had a compelling impact on the complication of the breathing rhythm and lung inflammation of rats with lung injury. Conclusion: Our findings show that inflammation could be the possible origin of respiratory dynamics shifting apart from the normal variation in CEES-induced lung injury.

Keywords:

2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, breathing pattern, dexamethasone, inflammation, modulates, rat model