Aim. The assessment of distribution of supernumerary permanent teeth (SPT) and the disturbances caused by them. Material and method. Cross-sectional study upon a sample of 85 children (58 boys) aged between 3 and 18 years (mean age=9.08±3.09 years) with at least one SPT. Were analyzed: patients’ distribution according to gender, age and number of dental units; SPT distribution according to arch and topography and also the disturbances noticed. Results. a) boys:girls ratio=2.14:1; b) the 85 patients had 107 SPT, mean number=1.25; c) 76.47% of patients had one SPT; d) 89.72% of SPT were on maxillary arch, maxilla:mandible ratio = 8.7:1; d) 92.52% of SPT were localized in anterior region, anterior:posterior region ratio = 12.3:1; e) mesiodens –71.96%, supernumerary lateral incisor – 19.62%; f) disturbances caused by SPT: ectopic eruption of permanent teeth – 36.47%; delay or failure of eruption of permanent teeth – 21.17%; crowding – 20%. Conclusions. 1. Supernumerary teeth were most frequent noticed in boys, in maxillary anterior region. 2. Most often they caused eruption disturbances of permanent teeth.
The interdisciplinarity of the marketing department is due to the application of concepts, methods and marketing technics specific both to service and to social marketing. In addition to this fact, the attempt of the social services to satisfy the patient’s needs places the health care domain at the border between social and economic, between profit and non-profit orientation. However a lot of the notions from the marketing field (competition, promotion, strategy, need, supply, cost etc.) acquire new meaning when used for defining the rivalry between the distinct medical organizations, the advance of the health care services, the development and implementation policies in medical marketing, the increasingly acute demand for treatment, the use and the supply of health care services as well as the cost that it requires.. Conclusion: These above described microscopy method can be used to distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid nodules, based on different degree of the capsular collagen fibers orientation.
Unlike the therapy of primary BMS, the treatment of secondary BMS benefits, in addition to symptomatic therapy, from the possibility of using means and methods to correct biological disturbances and/or morphological, psycho-emotional changes respectively. The use of these therapeutic means in secondary BMS is recommended to be established as a first step of therapeutic conduct. Their success is reflected in homeostasis restoring, correcting morphological and functional changes of the field, which frequently leads to no longer use prescription of symptomatic treatment. DEFINITION The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines burning mouth syndrome (BMS) as a “distinct nosological entity” characterized by “oral sensation of burning or pain, persistent and non- remitting in time in the absence of clinical objective changes of the mouth mucosa” [1]. A relatively similar vision is supported by Grushka (2014). BMS defining a sensory sensation, the author admits that this is manifested mainly by: a) subjective characteristics: taste perception; bilateral burning changes sensation associated with altered taste mouth; sensation of “dry mouth”, although salivary flow is not reduced; perceived foreign body in the oropharynx and b) objective criterion: the oral tissues with clinically normal aspect. The author specifically mentions that the 4 subjective lists, encountered in BMS come forth from the absence of results after an in Corresponding author Bogdan I. Coculescu bogdancoculescu@yahoo.fr objective clinical exam, a defining element for this condition [2]. EPIDEMIOLOGY Setting the epidemiology of BMS is difficult and imprecise because there is no universally accepted definition. The various epidemiological studies often refer to different clinical entities in which oral mucosal lesions lack [3]. This disease has a high rate that varies according to the studies from 0.7% to 14.8 - 15% [3,4,5]. The prevalence of painful syndrome in the Service of Oral Pathology of the Faculty of Dental Medicine - “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest (Romania) is 16.23% [6]. 1 Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 2 Titu Maiorescu University, Faculty of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania 3 Center for Military Medical Scientific Research, Ministry of National Defence, Bucharest, Romania 43
