Aim: Surgical treatment is the main treatment method for esophageal cancer. The prognosis is poor due to high local recurrence and distant metastasis rates. Study aims to evaluate the most effective local treatment modality esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) according to real life data. Method: 136 patients were studied retrospectively. All patients were middle or lower esophageal cancer and had the SCC histology. Patients were divided into the surgical resection, definitive CRT (dCRT), and multimodal treatment groups according to curative local treatment they received. Result: 32.4% were in the surgical, 36% were in the dCRT, and 31.6% were in the multimodal group. Median disease-free survival was 21 months (95% CI 14-27) in the surgical group, 8 months (95% CI 4-11) in the dCRT group, and 18 months (95% CI 0-39) in the multimodal group (p=0.059). The median overall survival was found to be 40 months (95% CI 0-92) in the surgical group, 19 months (95% CI 15-22) in the dCRT group, and 54 months (95% CI 11-96) in the multimodal group (p=0.012). In multimodal group, the number of patients receiving preoperative CRT was 25, and postoperative CRT was 18. Median OS was 47 months (95% CI 0-99) in the preoperative CRT group, and 64 months (NA) in the postoperative CRT group (p=0.302). Conclusion: DFS and OS contributions of multimodal treatment in esophageal SCC have been shown in the present study. The addition of CRT to surgery in the preoperative or postoperative period has a contribution independently of the treatment sequence.
Background: The number of studies with the application of scales, such as Attitudes Toward Obese Persons Scale (ATOP), on morbid obese patients are limited. Therefore, we wanted to examine the attitudes toward obese people through the eyes of morbid obese patients. Methods: Between October 2019 - April 2020, 70 female and 20 male, morbid obese patients, who were admitted to the general surgery department to be evaluated for bariatric surgery were included in this study. These 90 morbid obese patients were asked to fill out ATOP, which included 20 statements. Results: The mean ATOP score of all morbid obese patients was 63.44±18.58 (range:19-116). The mean ATOP score of female patients was 63.47±20.34 (range:19-116), whereas the mean ATOP score of male patients was 63.35±10.69 (range:43-80) (p=0.98). The frequency of the responses given by the male and female patients to the third statement, which was “Most obese people are more self-conscious than other people” pointed out a statistically significant difference (p=0.02). Conclusions: Based on ATOP scores gained from morbid obese patients, 60% of morbid obese patients did not feel as happy as non-obese people, whereas 74.4% of the morbid obese patients thought that obese people were not as healthy as non- obese people. Moreover, ATOP scores which were slightly higher than 60 points in both female and male morbid obese patients indicated that morbid obese patients had neither negative nor highly positive attitudes toward obese people.
Background: The Beliefs About Obese Persons Scale (BAOP) is used among non-obese people in English speaking countries to evaluate their opinions on obese people. Nevertheless, the data are scarce from the view of obese people. Therefore, we wanted to test BAOP on obese patients in order to evaluate their opinions from the perspective of obese patients. Methods: Between August 2019-June 2020, 115 (76.7%) female and 35 (23.3%) male, a total of 150 obese patients who were admitted to the general surgery department to be evaluated for bariatric surgey, were included in this study. Local ethics committee approval was obtained (2019/08-10). These obese patients were asked to fill out BAOP, which included 8 statements in which each statement was valued between -3 to +3 points. Results: Mean score of BAOP within all obese patients was 34.87 ± 8.12 (range: 5-48). The average score of BAOP was 34.33 ± 8.60 (range: 5-48) in females and 36.62 ± 6.06 (range: 21-48) in males (p = 0.14). The frequency of the answers given by the male and female patients to the 5th statement, which was “Most obese people eat more than non-obese people”, showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Obese patients had higher BAOP scores compared to previous BAOP studies performed with non-obese people. Within this study, obese patients considered obesity as a condition which was not under their control.
Along with the advances in medical science, surgical methods have also undergone many advances. Today, with the advancement of technology in all fields, including medicine, robots have entered medical science. These robots have many uses as well as advantages and disadvantages that they enjoy in Iran and other countries. In this study, it was addressed. This study is a review of robotic surgery methods in Iran and other countries in the form of a review study. This study is a conceptual review. The steps performed are 1- Designing a research question, 2- Searching and extracting research- related studies, 3- Selecting related studies, 4- Tabulating and summarizing information and data, and 5- Reporting results. The results showed that robotic surgery in operations such as brain, kidney, open heart, liver, eye, laparoscopy, dental surgery, coronary artery surgery, hysterectomy, lymphadenectomy, general surgery, obstetrics, head and neck, shelf Chest, urology, endoscopy, colonoscopy, ear, nose, and throat are used and have advantages such as three-dimensional vision, flexible rotation of the instrument, reduction of surgeon hand vibration with vibration filter, ease of surgery and the ability to create the required patterns It reduces the volume of blood lost during surgery, the length of stay in the hospital, the amount of pain, and subsequently the number of analgesic doses consumed in the postoperative ward. Disadvantages include the relative increase in operating time, the high cost of robots, and the physician's lack of sensory perception of the patient's environment.
Melanoma is one of the most common types of malignancy in the world, and one known to carry a very poor prognosis until recent years. This review aims to outline the events in the history of the disease and the impact made by the discoveries along the way, as well as the modern-day consensus by referencing the updated literature regarding the present approach and future directions. In the last two decades, several studies and research have brought significant improvement in the diagnosis and clinical management of melanomas. The development of sentinel lymph node biopsy has brought major changes to the surgical approach to the disease, and modern therapies based on recently developed knowledge changed the death sentence this diagnosis once meant to a manageable condition despite its aggressiveness, keeping in mind that early diagnosis and safe margin excision remain the best and most optimistic course of treatment.
Eggshell calcifications at thyroid ultrasound are connected to the challenging field of thyroid nodules and/or malignancy from a multidisciplinary perspective. Calcifications may be found in malignant and benign tumors; typically, micro-calcifications are identified in the papillary type of cancer, being equivalent to psammoma bodies in the pathological report. The risk of macro- calcifications, however, is more nuanced; recent data suggest a potential connection with a differentiated malignancy as well. Eggshell calcifications, a distinct type of macro-calcification, are generally considered benign findings, especially uninterrupted forms. Yet, the real incidence is not clear, which is why the topic remains open. In this narrative review, we analyzed eggshell calcifications in relationship with cytological diagnosis upon fine needle aspiration and post-thyroidectomy histological report. A PubMed-based search of the English-language papers using several
