The increasing of the modern technologies requires the setting up of multiple factories and industries that produce smokes and chemicals, which polluted the air, water, and the environment resulting in putting lives in dreaded conditions. In fact, the coming of the modern era and the modern lifestyle gives birth to numerous deadly diseases like cancer and its related diseases, which increasingly takes the lives of many in the country. The cold-blooded killer ‘cancer’ becomes the major public health concern in India as a whole. Among all the problems existed across the world, the problems or the issues associated with cancer or terminal illness becomes the worldwide phenomenon that produces several unwanted worst experiences. Human polluting the water, soil, and the air continued, and the global burden of cancer affected populations rapidly increasing year after year. Unfortunately, India turns out to be the world most densely cancer populated regions and a cancer hub. The reason behind the rapidly increasing of cancer illness and its mortality rates in India is mainly due to people lack awareness on cancerous factors, no proper preventive measures, and the late detection of the symptoms at the advanced stages when cure is not possible.Thus, concerning the helplessness conditions of the cancer effected people of in general, the current analytical study has been forms with an aim to spread awareness on the cold-blooded killer cancer across the country.
Fat embolism is a rare complication of high or medium intensity trauma. It is caused by the formation of fat particles in the territories of small terminal circulation, especially at pulmonary, tegumentary and cerebral levels. The mechanism underlying the fat embolism is described by several different theories in literature. In legal medicine, fat embolism raises many controversies upon the diagnostic certainty of the thanatogenerator mechanism leading to death. The occurrence of fat embolism syndrome followed by death must be properly explained so that the fatality can be adequately framed from a legal point of view. In this paper the authors present three cases in which victims of trauma died due to clinically undiagnosed fat embolism, the diagnosis being established only by postmortem histopathological examination. The authors underline the fact that the diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome, although it is a clinical one, it is often established only during autopsy.
According to literature the primary retroperitoneal malignant pathology is rare, representing less than 0.5% of all malignancies. In spite of its low incidence, this pathology often proves challenging in terms of diagnosis and treatment. The most com¬mon retroperitoneal malignancy is represented by lymphoma that accounts for approximately 33 % of the retroperitoneal malignancies. Other frequent retroperitoneal tumors are sarcomas: leiomyosarcomas and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (in order of incidence). We have analyzed the existing data regarding the most common primary retroperitoneal tumors in order to realize a brief classification and their differential diagnosis considering their clinical, imagistic, histopathological and molecular characteristics. The technological developments that have been made over the years in terms of imaging investigations, as well as in biomelecular and cytogenetic studies have offered new possibilities for of assessing a retroperitoneal mass in order achieve more precise informations that can guide physicians to better distinguish between different types of retroperitoneal tumors and therefore their therapeutical protocol. liposarcomas,
Purpose: This study is carried out to evaluate the diagnostic value of using common features of computed tomography (CT) imaging in COVID-19 disease, and to assess the relationship between blood oxygen saturation level and severity of CT findings. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, the chest CT of 173 test-confirmed COVID-19 patients have been evaluated to determine the patterns of involvement in multiple phases of illness. Then, the correlation between the severity of lung involvement and oxygen saturation levels has been assessed. Results: The chest CT results show that 87.6% of patients had GGO, which was the most common pattern in our findings. 83.8% of patients had bilateral lung involvement with the dominant multifocal and peripheral distribution. peribronchovascular involvement was also a common finding in our study (47.2 %). we found predominantly peribronchovascular view in 3 patients (1.7%), pleural effusion in 4 patients (2.3%), lymphadenopathy in 10 patients (5.8%), the tree in the bud in one patient (0.6%), and nodules in 4 patients (2.3%). We also found that GGO is the most common pattern during the early phase of the disease (97.4% of early phase cases). However, in the intermediate and late phases, consolidation and crazy paving patterns are more common. Moreover, our findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between oxygen saturation level and Total Severity Score, with the exclusion of the young adult patients (20-40 years). Conclusion: Relying on chest CT-scan findings apart from the oxygen saturation level is sufficient for the diagnosis and management of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Mercury is a chemical element that has been known since prehistoric times and has been used over time as a component of paints, in the treatment of various diseases, and later in various industrial compounds. Mercury enters the body transcutaneously, by inhaling or by ingesting food contaminated with mercury. The most common cause of mercury poisoning is eating seafood, but people can get mercury poisoning from industrial processing, thermometers, dental work, and old paints. The most vulnerable are people at occupational risk due to chronic exposure, as well as fetuses in the intrauterine period. Mercury poisoning produces extremely serious effects on the nervous, renal, and gastrointestinal systems. The nature and extent of mercury poisoning depend on factors such as the route of exposure, the rate of exposure, the distribution and biotransformation of mercury in the body, the chemical form of mercury or the mercury compound. Both mercury in the blood and the urine should not exceed 10 μg/L. The critical values of mercury in the blood are >150 μg/L and the lethal ones exceed 800 μg/L. New diagnostic methods allow the rapid and accurate identification of the concentration of mercury in biological products. Treatment is based on the use of chelating agents. However, the prognosis of mercury poisoning is extremely variable, due to the potentially irreversible nature of the lesions.
The prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the third registered spillover of an animal coronavirus to humans from the early 21st century. Coronaviruses are important human and animal pathogens. The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) rapidly spreads, resulting in an epidemic throughout China, followed by an increasing number of cases in other countries throughout the world. Recently, a wide range of inhibitors have been introduced for treatment of COVID-19, and also promising vaccines are in late phase of development. Here, we aim to present an overview of recent findings of the biological and clinical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, along with possible treatments and future vaccines.
The squamous cell carcinoma antigen is a tumor marker that is receiving more interest due to its biological properties and importance in both pathological and normal physiological processes. Numerous clinical studies have been conducted to determine the potential function of squamous cell carcinoma antigen and its isoform complexes in clinical practice. These studies have been prompted by the fact that not only squamous cell carcinoma antigen but also circulating immune complexes of it and immunoglobulin M are involved in normal physiological and pathological processes. The therapeutic use of squamous cell carcinoma antigen as a tumor marker for either squamous carcinoma diagnosis or for monitoring the response to radiation or chemotherapy, tumor recurrence, and treatment failure are supported by prior investigations. The diagnostic or prognostic utility of squamous cell carcinoma antigen is debatable, nevertheless, as these investigations provide conflicting findings. A uniform detection method, scoring system, and cutoff level must be devised to limit clinical variability between studies and to provide a more accurate and trustworthy comparison of data. Additionally, even if the effectiveness of several approaches is equivalent, only one method should be used for the dynamic monitoring of tumor marker kinetics.
