The increasing of the modern technologies requires the setting up of multiple factories and industries that produce smokes and chemicals, which polluted the air, water, and the environment resulting in putting lives in dreaded conditions. In fact, the coming of the modern era and the modern lifestyle gives birth to numerous deadly diseases like cancer and its related diseases, which increasingly takes the lives of many in the country. The cold-blooded killer ‘cancer’ becomes the major public health concern in India as a whole. Among all the problems existed across the world, the problems or the issues associated with cancer or terminal illness becomes the worldwide phenomenon that produces several unwanted worst experiences. Human polluting the water, soil, and the air continued, and the global burden of cancer affected populations rapidly increasing year after year. Unfortunately, India turns out to be the world most densely cancer populated regions and a cancer hub. The reason behind the rapidly increasing of cancer illness and its mortality rates in India is mainly due to people lack awareness on cancerous factors, no proper preventive measures, and the late detection of the symptoms at the advanced stages when cure is not possible.Thus, concerning the helplessness conditions of the cancer effected people of in general, the current analytical study has been forms with an aim to spread awareness on the cold-blooded killer cancer across the country.
Introduction: It was reported that snake venom contains a wide mixture of proteins and peptides with various toxicological and pharmacological effects. In recent years, the isolation of effective molecules from snake venom as a drug to treatment of some incurable diseases is considered by many biological research centers. This investigation aimed to determine electrophoretic and chromatographic patterns of Pseudocerastes persicus snake venom and in-vitro study of bactericidal and anti-cancer properties of its fractions in a human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Materials and methods: The fractions of venom were isolated and collected using preparative RP-HPLC. The Bactericidal activity of fractions in 20 μg/ml of protein concentration was investigated toward Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial susceptibility tests were done using MTT and MIC assays. Furthermore, cell viability was measured by MTT reduction assay and confirmed with Neutral red uptake assay following exposure of HepG2 cancer cells to 20 and 40 μg/ml of protein concentrations of fractions having more antibacterial properties. Apoptotic effects were investigated using the comet assay. Results: SDS-PAGE pattern of the crude venom revealed 10 major bands with molecular weight ranging from 13.2 to 99.25 kDa and the single-step separation of different fractions from the venom by HPLC resulted in isolation and collection of 11 fractions. The results of this study showed that two fractions of snake venom have significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive as compared to Gram-negative bacteria. On the other hand, our findings indicated that one of them is not toxic to the HepG2 cells. Discussion: We for the first time reported bactericidal and anticancer effects of isolated fractions of Persian horned viper venom. These properties make components of these fractions a favorable source for isolation of molecule(s) with antibacterial and antitumor activities.
Worldwide, adults and childhood obesity are increasing alarmingly, being a major health problem. Obesity is correlated with an increased incidence of various systemic diseases including cancer, heart diseases, and diabetes mellitus type 2. Risk factors for obesity are dysbiosis, genetic, socioeconomic, behavioural and environmental. The gut microbiota has beneficial effects on human health, like host immune system stimulation, being influenced by pH, or nutrient intake. Studies performed on humans and animal models reported differences regarding microbiota at lean and obese individuals. The consumption of probiotics and prebiotics may balance the microbiota with positive effects in obesity. The main aim of this review is to reveal the interaction between dysbiosis and obesity.
Hippo signaling has been recognized as a newly identified tumor suppressor signaling pathway that can regulate cellular processes including regeneration, cell death, differentiation, and development. Its dysregulation through overexpression of YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (PDZ-binding motif) as two main oncogenic factors of the Hippo pathway has a crucial role in several cancers. Because of the limited prognosis and therapeutic targets, further understanding of molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis is one of the interesting issues in studies. Here, we demonstrated that some viruses, through dysregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway can be implicated in transformation, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance in virus-related cancer and also help processes involved in the pathogenesis of viral infection such as persistence.
Chronic inflammation and immunosuppressive treatment may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of cancer in psoriasis patients. We wanted to evaluate the Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear) results of female patients with psoriasis which were performed for cervical cancer screening before the initiation of biological agent treatment. Between April 2019 and November 2021, Pap smear results of female patients with psoriasis were reviewed retrospectively. This study included 70 female psoriasis patients with a mean age of 48.41±11.62 years. 49 (70%) patients were biologically naive, whereas 21 (30%) patients previously received biological agents. Obscuring inflammation was reported in 33 (47.1%) patients. Atrophy, intermediate cell predominance, reactive cellular changes due to inflammation, and both atrophy and reactive cellular changes were detected in 15 (21.4%), 7 (10%), 3 (4.3%) patients, and 1 (1.4%) patient, respectively. No malignancy or intraepithelial lesion was observed in 69 (98.6%) patients, whereas atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance were reported in 1 (1.4%) patient. Infections such as bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and actinomycosis were detected in 13 (18.6%) patients. Pap smear tests should be performed in female psoriasis patients to detect premalignant lesions of the cervix before the initiation of biological agent treatment. Moreover, psoriasis treatment guidelines should be updated accordingly.
Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between mental adjustment mechanisms and somatic symptoms in cancer survivors, a topic with limited research in Psycho-oncology. Methods: In this exploratory cross-sectional study, 88 cancer patients were surveyed using the Somatic Symptoms Scale (SSS-8), the Somatic Symptom Disorder Scale (SSD-12), and the MiniMental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (MINI-MAC). Additional questions were asked regarding cancer stage, treatment, and illness relapses. Data collection occurred over one month at a local oncology unit. Results: Several significant correlations were observed between the scales and subscales of the instruments applied during this study. The most important results showed that maladaptive adjustment mechanisms were significantly associated with somatic symptoms, while adaptive mechanisms were not. However, "fighting spirit," an adaptive mechanism, acted as a moderator between somatic symptoms and their psychological impact (effect size t = 0.157, p < 0.05). Lower "fighting spirit" scores correlated with higher SSS-8 and SSD-12 scores, indicating its potential protective role. Conclusion: A more specific assessment of somatic symptoms and their link to mental adaptation to cancer is needed. Psycho-oncological interventions should address both adaptive and maladaptive adjustment mechanisms due to their significant influence on patient outcomes.
Paneth cells (PCs) are specialized epithelial cells located at the base of the crypts of Lieberkühn in the small intestine and colon, that have been occasionally identified in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Their presence in these lesions has raised questions regarding their role in colorectal neoplasia and their potential association with adenoma burden. To understand their potential role in carcinogenesis, we conducted an extensive review of the available literature on PubMed, focusing on the occurrence, molecular mechanisms, and implications of Paneth cells in neoplastic lesions of the colorectum. This review synthesizes current findings and discusses the potential of Paneth cells as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer.
