Making medical countermeasures requires documentation to assess vulnerabilities, threats and operational risks and bioterrorism through the collection and processing of specific multidisciplinary data in human medicine, veterinary, phytosanitary, the environment, defense and national security, etc. Based on retrospective data and late information (medical intelligence), we can estimate the prospective risk to public health, respectively for troops and civilian population in a given area, the area of operations. The biological military or bioterrorist attack, whether overtly or masqueraded as human or animal epidemics can cause a major biological crisis for troops and the civilian population, for domestic and wild animals, for crops or wild plants or for the environment, which remains contaminated. Therefore, it is important to constantly monitor the situation of infectious diseases in the area of responsibility (national territory, operations theaters) to assess vulnerability, threat and bioterrorist risk but also for making medical anti-bioterrorist countermeasures, which can only be effective by genuine cooperation between all specialized structures of the Ministry of Defense, other departments and the civil society.
Several studies have shown that some countries are among the main users of structural, molecular and physiologic information of human, animal, plant, and microorganisms cells (genetic and biological reserves) against living of organisms, especially humans. This method used as a mechanism for removing their rivals and opponents to achieve their goals. This descriptive-analytical study was designed to define the concept of bioterrorism, passive defense, and genetic resources and its historical development process, with emphasis on efforts to control these types of threats over time. In the present review, a wide range of literature through the search on Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases, extracted without regard to time constraints and focusing on the keywords listed above with three valid criteria and new sources of resources. The explanation of the material was based on the data obtained from the review of the sources and based on the inferences of the researchers from them. Given the importance of genetic information and the lack of clear prospective research in this area, the confidentiality of genetic data has been particularly respected among researchers. Eliminating data security can lead to unplanned advertising and costs. Therefore, the existence of laws and protective measures against coping with the misuse of enemies from genetic information is more than other country's prior demand.
The biological attack is the artificial spread by various means of pathogens that can cause serious infectious and contagious diseases as well as the spread of germ toxins that can be used by an aggressor as a means of fighting in order to reduce the troops’ fighting force, by causing serious disease outbreaks or by killing people, animals and/or plants. Biological agents are microorganisms and/or microbial, animal or plant toxins, used as specific ammunition for biological weapons or used by terrorists in "bio-chem" attacks. The risks of bioterrorism and biocrime attack in the contemporary world are real, and the history of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century confirms this. It is necessary for preventive measures to be implemented on the unlawful use of biological agents. Early medical and non- medical countermeasures must be prepared for the prophylaxis, treatment and cessation of the consequences of any biological attack.
Bioterrorism constitutes a major health threat to global communities, with many specific features that carry the potential to extraordinary stress the Public Health Sector (PHS) of any country, because of the needs of resources and of a coordination network required for a successful response to such incidents. Bioterrorism incidents of the near past prove that public mortality and morbidity can be further reduced if a functional protocol would allow first responders, hospitals, and officials of the PHS to steer more efficiently the public expectations. At the national level, the PHS director is responsible to mobilize and coordinate that network of the critical human, financial and logistical resources during the preparedness and response phases after a bioterrorist attack to mitigate its effects. Both these phases include many specific functions and responsibilities, which will be beneath analyzed.
