Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is known as an oncovirus and associates with several human malignancies such as Burkitt's lymphoma, other non-Hodgkin lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin's disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, etc. in Burkitt's lymphoma, and the key event is the translocation of MYC gene, that increase of cell survival and aberrant expression of MYC gene. The biology of EBV and its function in the development of Burkitt's lymphoma are discussed in this review.
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Since then, researchers worldwide have focused their attention on identifying effective treatments and developing vaccines to combat this disease. Aim: To report the effectiveness of the drugs employed in the COVID-19 treatment protocols based on data from clinical trial studies conducted from the beginning of the pandemic until December 10, 2020. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted an advanced search in several electronic databases. A total of 13553 studies was screened by two people simultaneously and separately based on the article title, abstract and full-text. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane criteria. Results: Of the 13553 studies identified, 50 clinical trials were included in this systematic review. Of these, three studies explored the use of remdesivir, nine studies the use of hydroxychloroquine, five studies the use of lopinavir/ritonavir, six studies the use of favipiravir, one study the use of tocilizumab, two studies the use of interferon beta-1a and two studies the use of umifenovir.
The prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the third registered spillover of an animal coronavirus to humans from the early 21st century. Coronaviruses are important human and animal pathogens. The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) rapidly spreads, resulting in an epidemic throughout China, followed by an increasing number of cases in other countries throughout the world. Recently, a wide range of inhibitors have been introduced for treatment of COVID-19, and also promising vaccines are in late phase of development. Here, we aim to present an overview of recent findings of the biological and clinical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, along with possible treatments and future vaccines.
Cannabinoids' usefulness in the treatment of neurological disorders (epilepsy, and various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease) has been demonstrated in a growing number of studies. Of the 11 known general types of natural cannabinoids, the focus has been mainly directed at cannabidiol (CBD) due to its specificity in stimulating cannabinoid receptors and the low rate of side effects, as well as on Δ (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). The natural and synthetic analogs of CBD have been described as a potential treatment in neurological diseases, as they showed their therapeutic benefits in reducing the seizures from epilepsy and their neuroprotectivity in neurodegenerative diseases. First and foremost, CBD's neuroprotective properties are due to its capacity to act as an endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonist. Second, CBD enhances neuroprotection by interacting with many signal transduction pathways mediated indirectly through cannabinoid receptors. CBD also reduces the hyperphosphorylation of glycogen synthetase kinase 3 (GSK-3) induced by the buildup of Amyloid β in the physiopathology of Alzheimer's disease.
