Evaluation of fasting impact during Ramadan month on patients with a history of kidney stones in a military hospital

1 - Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 525 dehydration and the consequent renal hypoperfusion in Ramadan fasting for patients with renal illnesses [6]. This problem especially arises when Ramadan month happens during hot and dry summers with a long daytime span. In the Ramadan month, fasting Muslims tend to alter their dietary habits. This involves changes in eating times and the content of food, in addition to fluid deprivation. It is fairly well known fluid deprivation causes volume con traction and renal hypoperfusion. The latter may cause renal dysfunction and aggravate existing renal impairment [7-9]. that There is scarce scientific data about the safety of Ramadan fasting for patients with different renal diseases. The existing published reports are mainly focused on the impact of Ramadan fasting on patients with renal transplantation, patients with chronic kidney disease, and patients with the renal stone disease [10-12]. One of the cornerstones and common causes of kidney stone formation is the volume of fluid consumed during a 24- hour that influences on forming that by several mechanisms [13- 15]. Since fluid intake decreases during Ramadan, one of the common questions posed is whether Ramadan fasting is associated with the precipitating of stone formation. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of Ramadan fasting on precipitating and Inhibitors of stone formation in patients with a history of renal kidney disease. METHODS The study population included all of the patients with kidney stone diseases who were seen at the Clinic of Urology and Nephrology affiliated with Baqiyatallah hospital during the month of Ramadan in May 2016 and May 2017. The number of 66 patients was chosen and included in the study through randomized simple sampling. The sample size of the study consisted of 66 kidney stone patients (30 patients in the fasting and 36 patients in the nonfasting group). The case group was examined for three weeks after one week from the beginning of the holy month of Ramadan and their laboratory factors were recorded. Inclusion criteria were included the presence of kidney stones at the time of referral or a history of kidney stones proven by ultrasound or CT scan, did not use drugs that affect the aggravation or treat of the kidney stones, did not use a diet that affects stone formation (Including frequent consumption of nuts such as nuts or frequent consumption of chocolate containing cocoa. Cola drinks, a high-salt or meaty diet, and plenty of citrus fruits). Also, patients with chronic liver disease, advanced cardiac disease, acute infection, or diabetes insipidus were excluded. All cases were 526 fulfilled the consent form and they have consented to fast in Ramadan. Collecting data was done by a Researcher-built Form. All subjects underwent blood tests like serum uric acid, serum phosphate, serum calcium, and serum sodium. Samples were asked to urinate for the first time at 9 a.m. and to be expelled. The urine is then poured into a special container