Cancer is a pathology generating problem to the public health systems all over the world. The etiology and pathogenesis of ovarian cancer are still partially unknown. It is still a challenge when it comes to the origin, the molecular basis of ovarian carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and therapy options of ovarian cancer. This paper brings an overview of ovarian cancer, starting with the pathogenesis, histopathological forms, and molecular biology of ovarian cancer, and follows the growth factors as molecular targets for specific therapy.
Bioterrorism constitutes a major health threat to global communities, with many specific features that carry the potential to extraordinary stress the Public Health Sector (PHS) of any country, because of the needs of resources and of a coordination network required for a successful response to such incidents. Bioterrorism incidents of the near past prove that public mortality and morbidity can be further reduced if a functional protocol would allow first responders, hospitals, and officials of the PHS to steer more efficiently the public expectations. At the national level, the PHS director is responsible to mobilize and coordinate that network of the critical human, financial and logistical resources during the preparedness and response phases after a bioterrorist attack to mitigate its effects. Both these phases include many specific functions and responsibilities, which will be beneath analyzed.
Objective: To find an accurate cut-off value for Portal vein diameter as a diagnostic tool for Portal hypertension on comparing with Doppler ultrasound, CT abdomen, or endoscopy of collateral circulation. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study, with a sample size of 100 patients. Inclusion criteria were patients above the age of 15 years who underwent routine USG abdomen for various conditions in the Radiology Department of a tertiary hospital. Distribution of age, gender, chronic liver disease, portal hypertension, and portal vein diameter of all the patients were measured and recorded. Portal hypertension was diagnosed using the presence of collaterals either on upper endoscopy (if done), Doppler USG, or CT multiphase abdomen. Results: Portal vein diameter of 10.5mm was found to have a sensitivity of 61.22%, specificity of 60.78%, a positive predictive value of 60.00%, a negative predictive value of 62.00%, and accuracy of 61.00%. 45 out of 59 (76.3%) and 37 out of 49 (75.5%) patients of the 50-70 years age group had chronic liver disease and portal hypertension respectively. 45 out of 65 (69.2%) males 37 out of 65 (56.9%) males developed CLD and PHTN. Conclusion: Using portal vein diameter as a diagnostic indicator of PHTN has an accuracy of %, so it can be used in routine USG abdomen of CLD patients to prevent the dreaded complications of PHTN and treat it early. Male gender and patients above the fifth decade were increasingly predisposed to both CLD and PHTN.
Introduction: The incidence of cholelithiasis has recently increased in the pediatric population, although it remains a rare disease among children. The purpose of this study is to highlight the management and the appropriate time to perform surgery. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study over 10 years (2010-2010) and we found 123 patients who presented with biliary lithiasis and who underwent surgery in our department. We divided the study population into two groups depending on the time of admission and we found that in the 2010-2015 period we had a number of 33 patients, while in the last 5 years we admitted 90 patients with this diagnosis. Patients with other conditions such as bile duct atresia, choledochal cyst, hepatoblastoma that required a cholecystectomy were excluded from our study. Results: After analyzing the two groups we concluded that the number of surgical procedures increased from 33 to 90, which represents a 2.6 times increase. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the average age on admission (12.6 +/- 3.37 in the first group vs. 13.91 +/-3.34 in the second group). Surgical management of lithiasis cholecystitis registered an important difference in the two groups. In the first group, 9 patients (27.3%) underwent classic cholecystectomy while 24 (72.7%) – patients benefited from the laparoscopic approach, while in the second group just one patient underwent open surgery with 89 (98.9%) patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. The percentage of patients who benefited from surgery in the same hospitalization remained high in both groups studied with a statistically significant p-value (p = 0.0417). Conclusion: The number of cases with cholecystitis and lithiasis is increasing in the pediatric population. Surgical management for these patients has become similar to that of adult patients, with minimally invasive surgery becoming the gold standard approach.
Introduction: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease which is also known as Mediterranean fever. It is acquired from the handling of infected animals or consuming contaminated milk or milk products. The incubation period varies from 1-3 weeks to several months before clinical disease appearance and it shows multiorgan involvement. This study focuses on the varied presentation of this disease and laboratory findings. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study, where the past 15 years data of cases diagnosed with brucellosis was studied in a tertiary care center in South India. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, duration of stay in the hospital, hematological and biochemistry profiles were collected and analyzed in SPSS. Results: More number cases were found among the male gender (70%), mostly in the 20- 40 years age group (40%). 95% of cases reported fever, 40% with arthralgia (29% generalized in nature), and 32% with a headache. A Positive Pearson correlation between CRP and NLR, and CRP and PLR were found, which was statistically significant. Mean laboratory values were documented. 37% of patients were found to have hepatosplenomegaly on ultrasound Conclusion: Most of the patients were admitted as cases with pyrexia of unknown origin. Our study focused on the different clinical presentations and laboratory findings of brucellosis and will help give a better understanding and outline during brucellosis case diagnosis and management in a cost-efficient manner.
Chronic hepatitis can resolve spontaneously or progress to more advanced stages, i.e. fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer, respectively. Two million deaths each year are attributed to liver diseases globally. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis comprise 11th position in leading causes of death worldwide. Viral infections account for the etiologic factor of most cases of hepatitis. Almost the only available way for the treatment of end stages of hepatitis is liver transplantation. The biggest problem with this therapeutic approach is the number of liver transplant donors is less than the number of recipients. Therefore, more advanced methods must investigate. Recently, gene therapy by the utilization of stem cells yielded promising results in clinical and preclinical investigations to the treatment of liver diseases. Novel genome editing tools such as TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 consider as powerful genome correction approaches and can employe for iPSCs gene editing. This paper highlights the various aspects of gene therapy through stem cells for liver diseases
As a significant immunosuppressive virus, chicken anemia virus (CAV) is common among natural poultry hosts and newborn chickens. It contains a tiny single-stranded negative circular DNA genome, encoding three proteins vp1, vp2, and vp3. Apoptin, encoded by the vp3 gene of the CAV virus, is a small protein whose subcellular localization appears to be crucial for tumor-selective activity. Residing in the cytoplasm of normal cells, it translocates into the nucleus in cancerous cells. Apoptin has attracted much attention because of causes specific death in transformed and cancer cells and has toxic effects on cancer cells. In-silico analysis of apoptin revealed the unknown structural and functional features. Physicochemical features and sequence analysis and secondary structure prediction were also conducted using Expasy server tools. Furthermore, the global structure of apoptin was modeled using the I-TASSER server and antigenic features were obtained via the application of the IEBD web tools. The results of in-silico analysis indicated that this protein had a stable structure, was a suitable choice for therapeutic goals, capable of acting as a good anti-cancer agent.
Recently, respiratory viral infections have witnessed substantial diagnostic evolution, with the advent of emergent pathogenic agents and the improvement of new diagnostic approaches. Acute viral respiratory infection (ARVI) commonly causes illness and fatality, particularly in pediatric patients. Adenovirus has the highest prevalence in upper and lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) amongst respiratory pathogens of importance. The purpose of this research was to introduce two effective techniques for the detection of adenovirus respiratory infection in Human samples, cell culture, and real-time PCR. Samples from patients aged less than ten years were obtained from Baqiyatallah (as) Hospital and cultured on HEK cells after preparation. After observing the cytopathic effects of the virus, a molecular test (Real-time PCR) with the help of specific primers was done on samples taken from the cell culture. Both assays detected viruses in clinical samples, and results of cell culture and real-time PCR confirmed infection with adenovirus in samples. According to our findings, simultaneous use of tests (cell culture and PCR) based test real-time PCR is a somewhat reliable method for detecting adenovirus in clinical specimens.
Introduction. The considerable numbers of servicemen who have applied for psychiatric help and who have been discharged for mental health from the Armed Forces of Ukraine testify the need to revise the whole system of providing psychiatric, psychomedical, and social aid to servicemen in warfare. Purpose. To identify medical and social aspects of mental and behavioral disorders among servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in peacetime and warfare for justification the developing and implementing the system of psychomedical care in Ukrainian Defense Forces with NATO standards adaptation. Methods. A retrospective analysis of statistical data on the level, structure, dynamics of the overall incidence rate of mental disorders as well as hospitalized morbidity among the military personnel of Ukrainian Armed Forces and health status dismissal based on long-term observation data (2008-2017) as well as comparison of indicators of the period 2008-2013 and 2014-2017 based on official statistical reporting has been performed. The statistical processing of the sample results was carried out using descriptive statistics and analysis of alternative characteristics. Results. It was discovered that in the structure of the total incidence of mental disorders among the military personnel of Ukrainian Armed Forces on class F (ICD-10) for the period of 2014-2017 years there was a significant redistribution of all categories of military personnel in comparison with 2008-2013 (among officers as well as contract servicemen, the overall incidence rate of mental disorders decreased dependably). The proportion of disorders of adult personality and behavior with other syndromes (F50-F99) significantly increased due to a significant decrease of neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform complaints cases. Conclusions. The overall incidence rate of mental disorders, as well as hospitalized morbidity within the structure of overall incidence rate of diseases in 2008-2017 for officers and contract servicemen, significantly increased with peak values in 2015 (p≤0.001) with further decreasing in 2016-2017 years, but among conscripts - remained unchanged. It has been established that starting from 2014, the indicators of discharges among officers have tended to increase with the maximum rates in 2015 (compared to 2013 by 7 times higher) and contract servicemen in 2016 (compared to 2013 by 5.3 times higher) with a further decrease. The identified features of mental health disorder in servicemen and their consequences according to long-term observation (both in peacetime and in warfare) are the keys to the development and implementation of the proposed psychomedical care system in defense forces readapted to NATO standards.
Background and Aim: Military personnel, parallel to appropriate personality traits to the military environment, need virtues and character strengths(CS) that contain values appropriate to the environment. We designed a model that examines the impact of comprehensive virtues and CS in reducing psychological distress. Methods: The present study is an SEM study. The sample community is an available example of 410 persons of military men in Tehran. We used a demographic information questionnaire, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), and Virtues Inventory in Action (VIA-120). Results: findings showed virtues and CS of wisdom, justice, humanity, and transcendence (except for spirituality) are significantly related to psychological distress. With increasing CS, psychological distress in employees decreased, but with increasing virtues, psychological distress in employees increased. The virtues and CS of temperance and courage were not significantly associated with psychological distress. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, military services should pay more attention to the virtues and CS effective in reducing staff distress and strengthening these traits in them.
