Gastrointestinal infections are among the most common infectious diseases found all over the world, varying depending on the etiological agent. Symptoms usually include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Water and electrolyte imbalance is the main consequence of gastrointestinal infections. Most of them are cured or self-limited in few days, but at the same time, for a specific population such as immunocompromised, elderly patients or new-borns, these infections are potentially severe. In this context, it is very important to identify the etiological agents of acute diarrhea for the appropriate treatment and infection control measures. While routine laboratory diagnosis of parasitic diarrhea still depends largely on microscopic examination of fecal samples, immunological and molecular methods are becoming increasingly commercially available and, in well-resourced settings, will ultimately displace traditional methods. The present paper presents some of the most common and well-known pathologies of this type, being a brief presentation of the variety of gastrointestinal diseases, each with characteristic clinical manifestations and diagnosis.
Moyamoya disease is a rare affliction, which progressively affects cerebral arteries, more frequently those in the circle of Willis and the internal carotid arteries. This condition has a genetic component, but the cause of the disease is unknown. It usually affects children but can affect adults as well, representing a health issue due to its mortality. Not in a few cases, Moyamoya disease has been difficult to recognize as a cause of ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. In this article, we present the case of a young patient, with a medical history of cerebral hemorrhage, which was diagnosed with Moyamoya disease after clinical and cerebral angiographic corroboration in a specialized vascular center. The patient entered the Emergency Receiving Unit with a sudden comatose state. Paraclinical tests revealed massive intraparenchymal hemorrhage, with movement in the medial line and ventricular flooding.
