Background: Human resource is the most important criteria of today organizations. In considering a human resource, performance and productivity are very fundamental. One of the most important criteria that affect human resources is leadership style. Aims: This study aimed to assess the effect of leadership style (Autocratic, Democratic, and Laissez-faire) on productivity that in this relationship two phenomena (job promotion opportunity and job description) plays the roles of moderating variable. Methods: The data were collected through the distribution of standard questionnaires among 170 employees of a hospital in Tehran and analyzed with structural equation methods with smart PLS software. The reliability and validity of questionnaires are confirmed through software examination and elites' opinions. For examining the hypothesis, factor loading and path coefficient are considered. Results: Democratic and laissez-faire styles have a significant effect on productivity (with 5.51 and 2.65 loading factor and positive path coefficient), but the autocratic style has a negative effect (due to 5.54 loading factor and -0.35 path coefficient) on productivity. Neither job promotion opportunity nor job description plays the role of moderating variables according to the results of the analyzes. Conclusion: Leadership style has a significant impact on productivity. The autocratic style has a negative effect on productivity, but democratic and laissez-faire have a positive effect. Job promotion opportunities and job descriptions don’t play a moderating role in leadership style and productivity relationships.
Background and Aim: All hospital services are carried out to serve the patient, which is the main axis in the hospital. Patient satisfaction can be indicative of the right performance service delivery and is considered a reliable source for evaluating the quality of health care. The present study was conducted to evaluate the satisfaction rate of discharged patients in a Navy hospital. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 220 discharged patients selected by convenience sampling in a Navy hospital during 2019. The data gathering tool was the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire designed by Amerioon in 2009 and its validity and reliability were confirmed in 2016. The questionnaire assessed patient satisfaction in two healthcare sections with 21 questions and three dimensions of hygiene, nursing and physician services, and non- health care with 27 questions and six dimensions of acceptance, staff attitudes, nutrition, welfare, facilities, religious issues, and refines evaluation. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18. Results: The patient satisfaction in the medical and non-medical wards was 88.1% and 86.57% respectively. Satisfaction in the medical and non-medical wards was excellent at all dimensions. There was a significant relationship between satisfaction with the cause of referral, and level of education (P 0.05). Conclusion: Considering the high level of patients 'satisfaction in medical and non-medical services, patient satisfaction in medical services was slightly higher than that of non-medical services, this highlights the need for independent research in this area and the actions taken by hospital managers to improve satisfaction in these sectors. It is also suggested to consider patient satisfaction as part of the discharge process in all hospitals
Introduction: Given fast grow and competition in the healthcare industry, managers and health activists in this sector need to adopt strategies for branding. The purpose of the study was to develop a conceptual model for branding in the healthcare industry to build brand advocacy and positive brand image. Methods: The study includes patients referred to a military hospital in May 2018. Data gathered by questionnaire, and 162 surveys were collected by simple random sampling method. To test the hypotheses, the conceptual model was analysed by structural equation modeling with SmartPLS® software. Results: The affective commitment and brand trust could predict brand advocacy. CSR significantly impacts brand image and affective commitment, furthermore brand attitude and COB significantly impact brand trust. There was no significant relationship between brand trust and affective commitment with brand image. Conclusion Organizations can improve brand image and establish brand support through investing resources on branding. This study contributes insights for marketing managers in developing successful branding strategies for health care organizations.
Several studies have shown that some countries are among the main users of structural, molecular and physiologic information of human, animal, plant, and microorganisms cells (genetic and biological reserves) against living of organisms, especially humans. This method used as a mechanism for removing their rivals and opponents to achieve their goals. This descriptive-analytical study was designed to define the concept of bioterrorism, passive defense, and genetic resources and its historical development process, with emphasis on efforts to control these types of threats over time. In the present review, a wide range of literature through the search on Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases, extracted without regard to time constraints and focusing on the keywords listed above with three valid criteria and new sources of resources. The explanation of the material was based on the data obtained from the review of the sources and based on the inferences of the researchers from them. Given the importance of genetic information and the lack of clear prospective research in this area, the confidentiality of genetic data has been particularly respected among researchers. Eliminating data security can lead to unplanned advertising and costs. Therefore, the existence of laws and protective measures against coping with the misuse of enemies from genetic information is more than other country's prior demand.
