Obesity affects the population worldwide. A hypercaloric diet associated with a sedentary life, stress, and genetic background, triggers various metabolic disorders, such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cognitive impairment. A healthy diet correlated with physical activity, not smoking, and moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of developing metabolic diseases. The Mediterranean diet contains antioxidants, fiber, polyunsaturated fats, and compounds with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity properties. In a wide variety of species including humans, the reduction of calories between 20-40% significantly improves health, increases longevity, and delays the development of various pathologies. The main aim of this review is to present the comparative effects of the Mediterranean diet versus the hypercaloric diet on insulin sensitivity.
This article aims to highlight the burnout burden among neurologists and provide information on some of its causes and consequences. We report an original article that reviews our current understanding of burnout matter in the neurology field. The main search engine through which we performed extensive literature research was PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The following information was collected: triggers of burnout and factors that perpetuate it, major complaints, values, and goals that dictate how coaching with it. Physician burnout is an umbrella term characterized by symptoms determined by exposure to chronic workplace stressors. Simply put, it encompasses many dimensions: emotional exhaustion, feelings of cynism, detachment (depersonalization), and a sense of ineffectiveness at work (low personal accomplishment). Burnout is common among all medical specialties, but neurology ranks at the top of the list. Several identified factors continue to fuel this problem. Properly addressing them, rethinking practice, and implementing wise, modern strategies can make significant contributions to reducing it. Aside from the chronic harm to the physician, burnout puts at risk the healthcare community at many levels including patients, other professionals, finances, etc. This paper wants to emphasize that burnout in neurology should be regarded as a global crisis. Thus, some strategies are proposed.
Cannabinoids' usefulness in the treatment of neurological disorders (epilepsy, and various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease) has been demonstrated in a growing number of studies. Of the 11 known general types of natural cannabinoids, the focus has been mainly directed at cannabidiol (CBD) due to its specificity in stimulating cannabinoid receptors and the low rate of side effects, as well as on Δ (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). The natural and synthetic analogs of CBD have been described as a potential treatment in neurological diseases, as they showed their therapeutic benefits in reducing the seizures from epilepsy and their neuroprotectivity in neurodegenerative diseases. First and foremost, CBD's neuroprotective properties are due to its capacity to act as an endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonist. Second, CBD enhances neuroprotection by interacting with many signal transduction pathways mediated indirectly through cannabinoid receptors. CBD also reduces the hyperphosphorylation of glycogen synthetase kinase 3 (GSK-3) induced by the buildup of Amyloid β in the physiopathology of Alzheimer's disease.
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease, characterized by the appearance of demyelinating lesions with inflammatory character in the CNS. Given the unpredictable evolution of the disease, numerous attempts have been initiated to find some pathogenic factors and by default targeted treatment methods. The intestinal microbiota of these patients is often significantly altered compared to the healthy population and given the complex connections between the intestine and the central nervous system, the idea of causality between dysbiosis and this condition was launched. The intestinal mucosa represents the interface between the external environment and the organism, so that it is considered the starting point of some local immunological processes but with systemic resonance, especially neurological. The classic medication scheme widely used to treat MS nowadays can also affect the integrity of the intestinal mucosa by breaking the fine balance at this level. Data from recent studies around the subject open new treatment opportunities around preserving the intestinal microbiota and strategies like vitamin A intake and fat-soluble vitamin D supplementation, probiotic complexes or faecalis microbiota transplantation appear more promising and easier to apply in daily clinical practice.
